Learn about the usage of imperfective and perfective verbs in the imperative form
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Yuriy: Hello and welcome back to RussianPod101.com. This is Lower Intermediate, Season 2, lesson 22 - Are You Getting Sick in Russia? I’m Yuriy. |
| Elena: С вами Елена. Всем привет. |
| Yuriy: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use imperfective and perfective verbs in the imperative form. |
| Elena: The following conversation takes place at the hospital. |
| Yuriy: The speakers are strangers, so they’ll be using formal Russian. Let’s listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| Доктор: Добрый день. Проходите, садитесь. Что вас беспокоит? |
| Бен: Здравствуйте. Я себя плохо чувствую в последнее время. У меня часто болит живот. |
| Доктор: Живот болит до или после еды? |
| Бен: После. |
| Доктор: Я подозреваю, что у вас гастрит. Однако, нужно провести детальное обследование. Для начала сдайте анализ крови. Вот направление. Также я выпишу вам лекарство. Принимайте его три раза в день после еды. |
| Бен: Спасибо! |
| Yuriy: Now let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| Доктор: Добрый день. Проходите, садитесь. Что вас беспокоит? |
| Yuriy: Good afternoon. Come in, sit down. What’s bothering you? |
| Бен: Здравствуйте. Я себя плохо чувствую в последнее время. У меня часто болит живот. |
| Yuriy: Good day. I feel bad recently. I often have a stomach ache. |
| Доктор: Живот болит до или после еды? |
| Yuriy: Do you have a stomach ache before or after meals? |
| Бен: После. |
| Yuriy: After. |
| Доктор: Я подозреваю, что у вас гастрит. Однако, нужно провести детальное обследование. Для начала сдайте анализ крови. Вот направление. Также я выпишу вам лекарство. Принимайте его три раза в день после еды. |
| Yuriy: I suspect you have gastritis. However, it is necessary to conduct a detailed checkup. Let’s begin with a blood test. Here is an appointment card. And I will prescribe you a medicine. Take it three times a day after meals. |
| Бен: Спасибо! |
| Yuriy: Thank you! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Yuriy: Elena, in a lot of countries a doctor has to send you to get a blood test if they think it’s necessary. You can’t just go freely. Is this the case in Russia? |
| Elena: Thankfully, the situation in Russia is totally different. There are a lot of private laboratories where you can order any kind of check-up without a doctor’s appointment. |
| Yuriy: You just need to take your passport with you and choose what kind of service you’d like to receive. Simple as that. |
| Elena : Maybe that’s why a lot Russians who live abroad try to get various blood tests while they’re visiting relatives in Russia. The system is very simple and convenient… |
| Yuriy: It certainly is, and it’s also free of bureaucratic delays. That’s good to know. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Yuriy: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| Yuriy: The first word we shall see is: |
| Elena: беспокоить [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: to bother, to worry, to ail, to disturb |
| Elena: беспокоить [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: беспокоить [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: Next |
| Elena: в последнее время [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: recently |
| Elena: в последнее время [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: в последнее время [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: Next |
| Elena: болеть [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: to be sick, to have ache of... |
| Elena: болеть [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: болеть [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: Next |
| Elena: живот [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: stomach, abdomen |
| Elena: живот [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: живот [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: Next |
| Elena: гастрит [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: gastritis |
| Elena: гастрит [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: гастрит [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: Next |
| Elena: подозревать [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: to suspect |
| Elena: подозревать [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: подозревать [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: Next |
| Elena: обследование [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: checkup, investigation, examination |
| Elena: обследование [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: обследование [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: Next |
| Elena: анализ [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: test, analysis |
| Elena: анализ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: анализ [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: Next |
| Elena: Направление [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: direction, area, trend, appointment card |
| Elena: Направление [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: Направление [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: And last |
| Elena: принимать лекарство [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: to take medicine |
| Elena: принимать лекарство [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: принимать лекарство [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Yuriy: Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word in this lesson is... |
| Elena: the verb болеть, which can be translated as “to be sick” or “to have an ache.” |
| Yuriy: As you can see, the verb has two main meanings. The first meaning is “to be sick.” The verb answers the question Чем? Therefore, the noun in the Instrumental case follows the verb “to be sick”. For example... |
| Elena: В детстве я часто болел гриппом. |
| Yuriy: “As a child, I was often sick with flu.” |
| Elena: Маленькие дети часто болеют детскими болезнями. |
| Yuriy: “Small kids often suffer from childrens’ diseases.” The second meaning of this verb is “to have pain, or to ache.” In this meaning the verb is used only in the 3rd person, singular or plural form, болит or болят. For example. |
| Elena: У меня болит голова. |
| Yuriy: “I have a headache.” |
| Elena: У меня болят зубы. |
| Yuriy: “I have a toothache.” Ok, I think that’s clear. What’s the next word? |
| Elena: It’s the masculine noun “анализ” which can be translated as “test” or “analysis.” |
| Yuriy: Talking about medicine, the noun “анализ” means “a medical test”. For example... |
| Elena: анализ крови |
| Yuriy: “a blood test” |
| Elena: сдать анализы на гормоны |
| Yuriy: “to undergo tests for hormones.” But this noun has another meaning and it’s widely used in business. That meaning is “analysis”. For example... |
| Elena: анализ данных |
| Yuriy: “data analysis” |
| Elena: анализ рынка |
| Yuriy: “market analysis.” For more examples and explanations, please check the lesson notes. Okay, now on to the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
| Yuriy: In this lesson you’ll learn about the usage of imperfective and perfective verbs in the imperative form. This is the form we use for giving commands or making requests. |
| Elena: Here are some important rules. |
| Yuriy: We use imperfective verbs to express prohibition, requesting that some action should not be performed. They are used with the negative particle [не]. For example... |
| Elena: Не молчи! |
| Yuriy: “Don't be silent!” |
| Elena: Не закрывайте, пожалуйста, дверь. |
| Yuriy: “Please, don't close the door.” |
| Elena: Не показывай ему моё письмо. |
| Yuriy: “Don't show him my letter.” |
| Elena: What’s the next rule, Yuriy? |
| Yuriy: Perfective verbs are used to express warning against some actions, which can cause undesirable results. They are used with the negative particle [не]. This is often used with such words as смотри/смотрите, meaning “see to it you don't,” or осторожно, meaning “careful.” For example... |
| Elena: Смотри, не опоздай. |
| Yuriy: “See to it that you aren’t late.” |
| Elena: Осторожно, не упади! |
| Yuriy: “Be careful, don't fall!” So, we use the imperfective verb to express prohibition and to request that some action isn’t performed, and perfective verbs to express warning against some action. For example... |
| Elena: Не закрывай дверь. |
| Yuriy: “Don't close the door.” In this sentence we used the imperfective verb. |
| Elena: Смотри, не закрой случайно дверь, а то кот всю ночь будет мяукать. |
| Yuriy: “See to it that you don’t accidentally shut the door, or the cat will meow all night. |
| Elena: The next rule is... |
| Yuriy: Imperfective verbs are used to express a polite invitation. For example... |
| Elena: Проходите, пожалуйста, садитесь. |
| Yuriy: “Come in please, sit down.” However, perfective verbs are used to express a polite request. For example... |
| Elena: Ответьте на вопросы. |
| Yuriy: “Please answer the questions.” |
| Elena: Закройте, пожалуйста, дверь. |
| Yuriy: “Close the door, please.” |
| Elena: Напишите вот тут свою фамилию. |
| Yuriy: “Please write your name here.” There are many more important rules about the usage of imperfective and perfective verbs in the lesson notes, so be sure to check them out. |
Outro |
| Yuriy: Okay, that brings us to the end of this lesson! |
| Elena: Спасибо, что были с нами. |
| Yuriy: See you in our next lesson. Bye everyone! |
| Elena: До скорой встречи! |
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