Learn about plural nouns and adjectives in the instrumental case
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Yuriy: Hello and welcome back to RussianPod101.com. This is Lower Intermediate, season 2, lesson 10 - Where Would You Like to Study in Russia? I’m Yuriy. |
| Elena: С вами Елена. Всем привет. |
| Yuriy: In this lesson, you'll learn about plural nouns and adjectives in the Instrumental case. |
| Elena: The conversation takes place at a cafe. |
| Yuriy: The speakers are friends, so they’ll be using informal Russian. Let’s listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
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| Алекс: Ника, ты уже решила куда будешь поступать? |
| Ника: Пока думаю. Посмотрим по результатам ЕГЭ. |
| Алекс: А куда хотела бы? |
| Ника: Если хорошо сдам экзамены, то подам документы на факультет информатики. Хочу стать веб-дизайнером. |
| Алекс: Да, у тебя определенно есть талант работать с разными компьютерными программами. Для меня это - темный лес. |
| Ника: Ну, к тому же это сейчас очень перспективная профессия. Могу и в России работать, и заграницей. Главное, успешно закончить школу. |
| Yuriy: Now let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| Алекс: Ника, ты уже решила куда будешь поступать? |
| Yuriy: Nika, have you already decided where you'll enter? |
| Ника: Пока думаю. Посмотрим по результатам ЕГЭ. |
| Yuriy: I'm still thinking. Let's see what the results of the USE will be. |
| Алекс: А куда хотела бы? |
| Yuriy: And where would you like to go? |
| Ника: Если хорошо сдам экзамены, то подам документы на факультет информатики. Хочу стать веб-дизайнером. |
| Yuriy: If I pass the exams well, then I'll file documents to the Faculty of Informatics. I want to become a web designer. |
| Алекс: Да, у тебя определенно есть талант работать с разными компьютерными программами. Для меня это - темный лес. |
| Yuriy: Yes, you definitely have a talent for working with different computer programs. For me it's all Greek. |
| Ника: Ну, к тому же это сейчас очень перспективная профессия. Могу и в России работать, и заграницей. Главное, успешно закончить школу. |
| Yuriy: Well, moreover it's a very promising profession. I can work both in Russia and abroad. The main thing is to finish school successfully. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Yuriy: Elena, what's the education system like in Russia? |
| Elena: Well, we have primary general education that lasts 4 years. In Russian we say, начальное общее образование. |
| Yuriy: As far as I know, it's from grades 1 to 4. |
| Elena: That’s right. In Russian we call it "class," класс. So from first to fourth class basically. The next step is basic general education. We call it - основное общее образование. It lasts 5 years, till 9th grade. And the last is complete general education, среднее полное образование, which lasts approximately 2 years, till 11th grade. |
| Yuriy: I heard that the best school graduates receive silver or golden medals. |
| Elena: That was true until 2014. Now the best graduates receive a so-called “red diploma” whereas other students receive a light-blue diploma. |
| Yuriy: Okay, now let’s move on to the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Yuriy: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| : The first word we shall see is: |
| Elena: поступать [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: to enter (educational institution), to act, to treat |
| Elena: поступать [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: поступать [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Elena: результат [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: result |
| Elena: результат [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: результат [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Elena: подать [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: to submit, to give, to serve |
| Elena: подать [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: подать [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Elena: документ [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: document |
| Elena: документ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: документ [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Elena: факультет [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: faculty |
| Elena: факультет [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: факультет [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Elena: определённо [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: definitely |
| Elena: определённо [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: определённо [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Elena: ЕГЭ (единый государственный экзамен) [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: USE/Unified State Exam |
| Elena: ЕГЭ (единый государственный экзамен) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: ЕГЭ (единый государственный экзамен) [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Elena: тёмный лес (для кого-либо) [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: it's Greek (to somebody); somebody is completely in the dark about it |
| Elena: тёмный лес (для кого-либо) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: тёмный лес (для кого-либо) [natural native speed] |
| : Next: |
| Elena: перспективный [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: perspective, promising |
| Elena: перспективный [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: перспективный [natural native speed] |
| : And Last: |
| Elena: главное [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy: the chief/main thing |
| Elena: главное [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena: главное [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Yuriy: Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase in this lesson is… |
| Elena: the idiomatic expression “тёмный лес”, which can be translated into English as “it's all Greek” or “somebody is completely in the dark about something”. |
| Yuriy: Elena, let’s break this down. |
| Elena: Ok. The adjective “тёмный” means “dark” and the masculine noun “лес” means “forest”. |
| Yuriy: So the phrase literally means “dark forest”. |
| Elena: Of course it can be used in its direct meaning, but as an idiomatic expression it means that something is difficult, strange, unfamiliar, or even hard to understand. |
| Yuriy: Let’s give some examples. |
| Elena: Моя бабушка не умеет пользоваться даже мобильным телефоном, а компьютер для неё вообще тёмный лес. |
| Yuriy: "My grandmother did not even know how to use a mobile phone, and a computer is all Greek for her." So it means that the grandmother is completely unfamiliar with a PC, and maybe for her it will be hard to understand how it works. Elena, what is "dark forest" for you? |
| Elena: Hm… Наверное, программирование. |
| Yuriy: Really? Programming is Greek for you? |
| Elena: Да. Программирование для меня темный лес. |
| Yuriy: I see. I hope our listeners understood the meaning of this phrase. What's the next word for this lesson? |
| Elena: It's the verb “поступать”, which in our dialog was used in the meaning “to enter”. |
| Yuriy: The first meaning of this verb is to become a participant, a member, or part of, to join or to enroll. It's often used when we talk about educational institutions such as a university or institute. This verb is not used for schools. |
| Elena: We used it in such expressions as “поступать в университет” |
| Yuriy: "to enter university" |
| Elena: поступать в институт |
| Yuriy: "to enter an institute." Let’s give some sample sentences. |
| Elena: Я планирую поступать в Московский государственный университет. |
| Yuriy: "I plan to enter Moscow State University." The second meaning is "to act, to behave in a certain way." For example... |
| Elena: Я не знаю, ты поступаешь правильно или совершаешь ошибку. |
| Yuriy: "I don't know whether you're doing the right thing or making a mistake." |
| Elena: Моё сердце мне подсказывает, что я поступаю правильно. |
| Yuriy: "My heart tells me that I'm doing the right thing." For more examples and explanations please check the lesson notes. Okay, now on to the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
| Yuriy: In this lesson, you’ll learn about the formation of plural nouns and adjectives in the Instrumental case. |
| Elena: Plural nouns put in the Instrumental case can have the following endings, [-ами], [-ями], [-иями], and [-ьями]. The ending [-ами] has masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns which in Nominative case singular form have the following endings... |
| Yuriy: Masculine nouns with a stem ending in a [consonant]; |
| Feminine and masculine nouns ending in [-а]; |
| Neuter nouns ending in [-o]; |
| Neuter nouns ending in [-е] but with a stem ending in [-ц] For example... |
| Elena: Let’s take the noun “стол” meaning "table". This is a masculine noun ending in a consonant. All we need to do is to add the ending [-ами]: So стол becomes столами. |
| Yuriy: What are some more examples? |
| Elena: книга meaning "book", which is a feminine noun, will be книгами. So we replaced the ending [а] with [-ами]. |
| Yuriy: The ending [-ями] has masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns which in Nominative case singular form have the following endings: |
| Elena: Masculine nouns ending in [-ь], [-й], [-я]; |
| Feminine nouns ending in [-я], [-ь]; |
| Neuter nouns ending in [-e] |
| Yuriy: For example... |
| Elena: кровать meaning "bed" will be кроватями. Поле, meaning "field" will become полями, and рубль, meaning "ruble," will become рублями. |
| Yuriy: Great! Moving on, the ending [-иями] has masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns which in Nominative case singular form have the following endings… |
| Elena: Masculine nouns ending in [-ий]; |
| Feminine nouns ending in [-ия]; |
| Neuter nouns ending in [-иe]. |
| Yuriy: For example... |
| Elena: станция meaning "station," will become - станциями, and планетарий meaning "planetarium" will become планетариями. |
| Yuriy: A few nouns have a [-ьями] ending. You can check them out in the lesson notes. Now, let's move on to adjectives. The plural adjectives in Instrumental case have the endings... |
| Elena: [-ыми] and [-ими]. The rule is very simple. |
| Yuriy: To get the plural form of adjectives in Instrumental case, please use the ending [-ыми]. |
| Elena: молодой meaning "young" is молодыми; старый meaning "old" is старыми |
| Yuriy: As you can see, we just replace the endings of the nominative case with the ending [-ыми] . |
| Elena: That’s right. Let's take the word “вежливый” meaning “polite”. The ending is [ый] вежлив - ый, вежливый. Plural instrumental is вежлив -ыми, вежливыми. |
| Yuriy: The next rule is that if an adjective has a stem ending in a soft consonant or [г], [к], [х], [ж], [ч], [ш], or [щ], the ending will be [-ими]. For example... |
| Elena: Плохой becomes плохими. The adjective “плохой” has a stem ending in [-х] , плох, that's why we use the ending [-ими] instead of [-ыми]. Хороший meaning "good" is хорошими, and искренний meaning "sincere" is искренними. |
| Yuriy: For more information about this, please read the lesson notes. |
Outro |
| Yuriy: Well, that’s all for this lesson. We hope you enjoyed it! |
| Elena: Thanks for listening everyone! |
| Yuriy: And we’ll see you in the next lesson. До скорой встречи! |
| Elena: Пока -пока |
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