Learn how to form plural adjectives
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Yuriy: Hello and welcome back to RussianPod101.com. This is Lower Beginner season 1, lesson 5 - Dining In a Russian Restaurant. I’m Yuriy. |
| Elena: А я Елена. Привет. I’m Elena. |
| Yuriy: In this lesson, you'll learn about plural adjectives in Russian. |
| Elena: The conversation takes place in a restaurant. |
| Yuriy: The speakers are strangers, so they’ll be using formal Russian. Let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Официантка: Здравствуйте. Вы уже что-то выбрали? |
| Алекс: Да. Скажите пожалуйста, сколько стоит картошка пюре и салат "Оливье"? |
| Официантка: Картошка стоит три евро, а салат “Оливье” - пять евро. |
| Алекс:А у вас есть бизнес-ланч? |
| Официантка:Да. Он стоит пятнадцать евро. |
| Алекс:Тогда, две большие порции пюре, один салат “Оливье” и две маленькие булочки. Они свежие? |
| Официантка:Конечно. |
| Ofitsiantka: Zdravstvuyte. Vy uzhe chto-to vybrali? |
| Aleks: Da. Skazhite pozhaluysta, skol'ko stoit kartoshka pyure i salat “Oliv'ye”? |
| Ofitsiantka: Kartoshka stoit tri yevro, a salat “Oliv'ye” - pyat' yevro. |
| Aleks: A u vas yest' biznes-lanch? |
| Ofitsiantka: Da. On stoit pyatnadtsat' yevro. |
| Aleks: Togda, dve bol'shiye portsii pyure, odin salat “Oliv'ye” i dve malen'kiye bulochki. Oni svezhiye? |
| Ofitsiantka: Konechno. |
| Официантка: Здравствуйте. Вы уже что-то выбрали? |
| Yuriy: Good afternoon. Have you already decided on something? |
| Алекс: Да. Скажите пожалуйста, сколько стоит картошка пюре и салат "Оливье"? |
| Yuriy: Yes. Could you please tell me how much the mashed potatoes and 'Olivier' salad cost? |
| Официантка: Картошка стоит три евро, а салат “Оливье” - пять евро. |
| Yuriy: Mashed potatoes cost three euros, and the 'Olivier' salad is five euros. |
| Алекс:А у вас есть бизнес-ланч? |
| Yuriy: And do you have a business lunch? |
| Официантка:Да. Он стоит пятнадцать евро. |
| Yuriy: Yes. It costs fifteen euros. |
| Алекс:Тогда, две большие порции пюре, один салат “Оливье” и две маленькие булочки. Они свежие? |
| Yuriy: Then, two big portions of mashed potatoes, one 'Olivier' salad, and two small buns. Are the buns fresh? |
| Официантка:Конечно. |
| Yuriy: Of course. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Elena: Yuriy, what is your favorite Russian dish? |
| Yuriy: Mmm...I like mashed potatoes and kotlety. What about you? |
| Elena: I like different kinds of soups. There are so many different kinds to try in Russia! |
| Yuriy: Yeah, my favorite one is shchi. |
| Elena: Of course, shchi is a famous traditional cabbage soup in Russia. It’s great during those cold winter months. Shchi has been around for over a thousand years. Have you ever tried Ukha, Rassolnik or Okroshka? They’re also traditional dishes. |
| Yuriy: No, I haven’t. |
| Elena: Well, you should try them all! I’m sure you’re going to love them! Ukha is a fish soup, and Rassolnik is made from salty-sour cucumbers. |
| Yuriy: And what about Okroshka? |
| Elena: That’s one of the most popular soups in summer. It’s based on kvass or kefir, both of which are national drinks, and they’re best served cold! |
| Yuriy: Kefir is made of milk while kvass is made of fermented bread, such as wheat, rye, or barley. Try all of these soups, listeners! Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Elena Скажите пожалуйста....? [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy Could you please tell me... ? |
| Elena Скажите пожалуйста....? [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena Скажите пожалуйста....? [natural native speed] |
| Elena Сколько стоит...? [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy How much? (price) How much is....? |
| Elena Сколько стоит...? [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena Сколько стоит...? [natural native speed] |
| Elena картошка пюре [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy mashed potatoes |
| Elena картошка пюре [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena картошка пюре [natural native speed] |
| Elena свежий [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy fresh |
| Elena свежий [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena свежий [natural native speed] |
| Elena маленький [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy small |
| Elena маленький [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena маленький [natural native speed] |
| Elena один [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy one |
| Elena один [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena один [natural native speed] |
| Elena три [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy three |
| Elena три [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena три [natural native speed] |
| Elena пять [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy five |
| Elena пять [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena пять [natural native speed] |
| Elena тогда [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy then |
| Elena тогда [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena тогда [natural native speed] |
| Elena выбирать [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy choose, decide on, to choose |
| Elena выбирать [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena выбирать [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Yuriy: Let’s take a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word in this lesson is... |
| Elena: тогда, which can be translated as “then”. |
| Yuriy: This word has two main meanings that you’ll come across in ordinary conversation, as well as in books or newspapers. The first meaning is “in this case” or “under the circumstances”. It can also simply be translated as “then”. Let’s listen to an example. |
| Elena: Иван опоздает, у него сейчас важное совещание. “Ivan will be late. He has an important meeting now.” |
| Yuriy: Тогда я пойду, не буду ждать. “Then, I'll go. I will not wait for him.” |
| Elena: Okay, what’s the second meaning of this word? |
| Yuriy: That would be “at that time” or “not now”. For example... |
| Elena: Тогда это было поле, а сейчас - жилой квартал. |
| Yuriy: “At that time it was a field, and now it’s a residential area.” |
| Elena: Это фотография твоей бабушки. Тогда она еще была молодой. |
| Yuriy: “This is a picture of your grandmother. At that time she was still young.” |
| Elena: Okay, great! What’s the next word? |
| Yuriy: Next is the adjective свежий, which can be translated as “fresh”. Let’s use it in a sentence. |
| Elena: Он любит свежий апельсиновый сок. |
| Yuriy: “He likes fresh orange juice.” |
| Elena: In the context of news as in newspapers and magazines, this word can mean “new” or “the latest”. |
| Yuriy: Give us an example, please. |
| Elena: У вас есть свежий номер журнала ‘Здоровье’? |
| Yuriy: “Do you have the latest edition of the journal ‘Health’?”. When talking about wind or weather in general, the word свежий means “cool”. It’s often used in the expression... |
| Elena: ...На улице свежо. |
| Yuriy: “It’s cool outside.” Okay, now onto the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Yuriy: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to form plural adjectives. |
| Elena: As you learned from our previous lessons, adjectives in Russian should agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they describe. |
| Yuriy: This means that an adjective describing a noun must have the same gender - masculine, feminine, or neuter - and match the noun in singularity or plurality. |
| Elena: There are two rules on how to form the plural adjectives in Russian. These rules can be applied to all three genders. |
| Yuriy: The first rule is that all adjectives of all three genders whose stems end in hard consonants, will have the ending ыe. |
| Elena: All you have to do is just remove the ending of the singular form and add the ending ыe. |
| Yuriy: For example... |
| Elena: тёплый |
| Yuriy: “warm”; masculine |
| Elena: тёплые |
| Yuriy: “warm” in plural form |
| Elena: новая |
| Yuriy: “new”; feminine |
| Elena: новые |
| Yuriy: “new” in plural form |
| Elena: новое |
| Yuriy: “new”; neuter |
| Elena: новые |
| Yuriy: “new” in plural form. As you can see, despite the gender, the ending of an adjective in plural form will be the same for all three genders; ыe. Now, the second rule is that the adjectives whose stems end in soft consonants and г, к, х, ж, ч, ш, or щ will have the ending иe in all genders. For example... |
| Elena: синий |
| Yuriy: “blue”; masculine |
| Elena: синие |
| Yuriy: “blue”; plural |
| Elena: свежая |
| Yuriy: “fresh”; feminine |
| Elena: свежие |
| Yuriy: “fresh”; plural |
| Elena: хорошее |
| Yuriy: “good”; neuter |
| Elena: хорошие |
| Yuriy: “good”; plural. Let’s give some examples. |
| Elena: Ok. Я не люблю жаркие страны |
| Yuriy: “I do not like hot countries.” As you can see, the noun страны is plural, which is why the adjective жаркий, or “hot’, is also plural. What’s next? |
| Elena: В России есть красивые озёра и высокие горы. |
| Yuriy: “There are beautiful lakes and high mountains in Russia.” In our dialogue you also heard the cardinal numbers 1, 3, and 5. Cardinal numbers in Russian should agree in case with accompanying nouns, but they don't have genders, with the exception of the numbers 1 and 2. |
| Elena: Also, apart from the number 1 and 2, they don’t have gender. |
| Yuriy: So the numbers 1 and 2 have gender? |
| Elena: Right. один, “one”, is masculine, “одна” is feminine, “одно” is neuter, and “одни” is plural. |
| Yuriy: Let’s hear some examples. |
| Elena: Одно пальто. |
| Yuriy: “One coat.” The word “coat” is neuter, which is why the number “one” also has to be neuter. |
| Elena: Одна чашка. |
| Yuriy: “One cup.” The word “cup” is feminine, which is why the number “one” is also feminine. |
| Elena: Один рубль. |
| Yuriy: “One ruble.” The word “ruble” is masculine, which is why the number “one” is also masculine. |
| Elena: Одни очки. |
| Yuriy: “Glasses.” As in English, the word “glasses” is always in plural form even if there is only one pair. |
| Elena: Okay, that’s it for this lesson. For more examples and information, please check the lesson notes. |
Outro |
| Elena: Thanks for listening everyone. |
| Yuriy: See you in our next lesson. Bye! |
| Elena: До скорого встречи! |
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