Learn about the grammatical structure "it's allowed/it's not allowed"
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Yuriy: Hello and welcome back to RussianPod101.com. This is Lower Beginner season 1, lesson 23 - Don't Catch a Cold in Russia! I’m Yuriy. |
| Elena: А я Елена. Привет. Hello, I’m Elena. |
| Yuriy: In this lesson, you'll learn how to say "It's allowed" and "It's not allowed” and how to ask "Can I...?" in Russian. |
| Elena: The conversation takes place in a hospital. |
| Yuriy: It’s between Alex and a doctor. The speakers are strangers, so they’ll be using formal Russian. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Алекс: Добрый день, можно зайти? |
| Доктор: Здравствуйте, проходите, садитесь пожалуйста. На что жалуетесь? |
| Алекс: У меня болит голова, горло. Время от времени я кашляю. |
| Доктор: Понятно. Откройте рот, пожалуйста. Покажите язык. Ага, у вас обычная простуда. Вот лекарство. Принимайте его два раза в день. |
| Алекс: Спасибо. |
| Доктор: Пожалуйста. Выздоравливайте! |
| Aleks: Dobryy den', mozhno zayti? |
| Doktor: Zdravstvuyte, prokhodite, sadites' pozhaluysta. Na chto zhaluyetes'? |
| Aleks: U menya bolit golova, gorlo. Vremya ot vremeni ya kashlyayu. |
| Doktor: Ponyatno. Otkroyte rot, pozhaluysta. Pokazhite yazyk. Aga, u vas obychnaya prostuda. Vot lekarstvo. Prinimayte yego dva raza v den'. |
| Aleks: Spasibo. |
| Doktor: Pozhaluysta. Vyzdoravlivayte! |
| Алекс: Добрый день, можно зайти? |
| Yuriy: Good afternoon. Can I enter? |
| Доктор: Здравствуйте, проходите, садитесь пожалуйста. На что жалуетесь? |
| Yuriy: Hello, come in. Sit down, please. What's your complaint? |
| Алекс: У меня болит голова, горло. Время от времени я кашляю. |
| Yuriy: I have a headache and a sore throat. From time to time, I cough. |
| Доктор: Понятно. Откройте рот, пожалуйста. Покажите язык. Ага, у вас обычная простуда. Вот лекарство. Принимайте его два раза в день. |
| Yuriy: I see. Open your mouth, please. Show your tongue. Yes, you have an ordinary cold. Here's the medicine. Take it twice a day. |
| Алекс: Спасибо. |
| Yuriy: Thank you. |
| Доктор: Пожалуйста. Выздоравливайте! |
| Yuriy: You're welcome. Get better soon! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Yuriy: What can you tell us about medical care in Russia? |
| Elena: Well, Russian medicine is not as bad as Western newspapers say. There are a lot of specialist hospitals that provide advanced medical treatments, and a lot of medical research institutes. |
| Yuriy: Are these services expensive? |
| Elena: It depends on whether a hospital or clinic is private or governmental. Of course, private hospitals are not so cheap. |
| Yuriy: And what about governmental? Doesn’t the constitution say all citizens have a right to free healthcare? |
| Elena: That's true, but as of now, only basic medical care and emergency services are available without paying. |
| Yuriy: It's not rare for a governmental clinic or hospital to not have enough funds to cover the treatment of a patient. |
| Elena: So the patient might have to pay themselves. |
| Yuriy: Ok, that’s a good tip. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Elena зайти [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy to enter, to drop in |
| Elena зайти [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena зайти [natural native speed] |
| Elena жаловаться [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy to complain |
| Elena жаловаться [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena жаловаться [natural native speed] |
| Elena болеть [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy to be ill |
| Elena болеть [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena болеть [natural native speed] |
| Elena голова [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy head |
| Elena голова [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena голова [natural native speed] |
| Elena простуда [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy a cold |
| Elena простуда [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena простуда [natural native speed] |
| Elena время от времени [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy from time to time |
| Elena время от времени [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena время от времени [natural native speed] |
| Elena лекарство [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy medicine, cure |
| Elena лекарство [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena лекарство [natural native speed] |
| Elena горло [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy throat |
| Elena горло [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena горло [natural native speed] |
| Elena кашлять [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy to cough |
| Elena кашлять [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena кашлять [natural native speed] |
| Elena принимать [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy to take, to accept |
| Elena принимать [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena принимать [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Yuriy: Let’s take a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase we have is... |
| Elena: время от времени, which can be translated into English as "from time to time." Yuriy, let's break this phrase down. |
| Yuriy: Ok. This phrase consists of three words. The word время is "time," in nominative case. The word времени is "time" in genitive case. And the preposition от is translated as "from." So, the phrase literally means exactly the same as in English, "from time to time." We use this phrase when we want to express that something is happening not regularly, sometimes, or even seldom. Let’s use it in some example sentences. |
| Elena: Вы часто встречаетесь? Нет, время от времени. |
| Yuriy: "Do you meet often?" - "No, from time to time." I think it’s pretty clear. What’s the next word in this lesson? |
| Elena: The next key word is the verb принимать, which can be translated as “to take,” or “to accept." |
| Yuriy: This word has several meanings that are widely used in daily conversation. The first meaning is “to take.” It's often used in such expressions as “to take a shower,” “to take a bathroom break,” “to take an exam,” “to take decisions,” and “to take part.” For example. |
| Elena: Ты уже принял душ? |
| Yuriy: "Have you already taken a shower?" How about another example? |
| Elena: Я хочу принять участие в этих соревнованиях. |
| Yuriy: "I want to take part in these competitions." The next meaning of this word is “to accept” or “to admit.” It's widely used in such expressions as “to accept an offer.” For example... |
| Elena: Мы приняли ваше предложение и согласны сотрудничать. |
| Yuriy: "We've accepted your offer and agree to cooperate." Okay, now onto the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Yuriy: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to say “It's allowed” and “It's not allowed”, and how to ask “Can I..?” in Russian. This grammar is quite simple. The word можно can be translated as “may,” “саn” or a phrase such as “It's allowed,” “It's possible,” “It's permitted.” |
| Elena: The word нельзя has exactly the opposite meaning. It can mean “It's not permitted," "It's not allowed,” “It's impossible,” and so on. The words можно and нельзя are used in two grammar structures. |
| Yuriy: The first one is [можно or нельзя] plus [the infinitive form of verb]. For example... |
| Elena: В самолете можно курить? |
| Yuriy: "Is smoking allowed on the plane?" Another example is… |
| Elena: Здесь можно играть в футбол? |
| Yuriy: "Are we allowed to play football here?" And one more… |
| Elena: Здесь можно купить свежие газеты. |
| Yuriy: "You can buy the latest newspapers here." And the last example... |
| Elena: Можно сесть? |
| Yuriy: "May I sit here?" Sometimes, if the purpose of a question is clear, the word можно can be used alone, and doesn't require any verb in the infinitive form. For example, if a person is pointing to an empty seat near another person in a cafe or a train and asks можно?, it's obvious that he wants to get permission to sit there. |
| Elena: Or if a person is pointing to something that's in the hands of another person, it's clear that he wants to ask for permission to take a closer look. It's like saying "May I take a look?" |
| Yuriy: The second grammar structure is [noun or pronoun in dative case] plus [можно or нельзя] plus [the infinitive form of a verb]. For example... |
| Elena: Ему нельзя пить алкоголь. |
| Yuriy: "He mustn't drink alcohol." OK. how about another example. |
| Elena: Папе нельзя волноваться, у него больное сердце. |
| Yuriy: "Father mustn't worry, he has a sick heart." |
Outro |
| Yuriy: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. For more examples and information, please check the lesson notes. |
| Elena: Thanks for listening everyone. |
| Yuriy: And we’ll see you in our next lesson. |
| Elena: До скорого встречи! |
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