Learn about the prepositional and accusative cases of singular adjectives
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Yuriy: Hello and welcome back to RussianPod101.com. This is Lower Beginner season 1, lesson 21 - Getting Your Driver's License in Russia. I’m Yuriy. |
| Elena: Привет, меня зовут Елена. Hello, and my name is Elena! |
| Yuriy: In this lesson, you'll learn about the prepositional and accusative cases of singular adjectives in Russian.: |
| Elena: This conversation takes place on the phone. |
| Yuriy: The speakers are friends, so they’ll be using informal Russian. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Алекс:Лера, я наконец-то сдал экзамен на права! |
| Лера:О, поздравляю! Я знаю, что это сложный экзамен и многие его сразу не сдают. Где ты готовился к экзамену? |
| Алекс:В центральной автошколе. |
| Лера:Так это же в двух шагах от твоего дома! |
| Алекс:Конечно. Поэтому я и выбрал её . Кстати, мы с друзьями сейчас идём в японский ресторан. Присоединяйся, отметим вместе! |
| Лера:Уже бегу! |
| Aleks: Lera, ya nakonets-to sdal ekzamen na prava! |
| Lera: O, pozdravlyayu! Ya znayu, chto eto slozhnyy ekzamen i mnogiye yego srazu ne sdayut. Gde ty gotovilsya k ekzamenu? |
| Aleks: V tsentral'noy avtoshkole. |
| Lera: Tak eto zhe v dvukh shagakh ot tvoyego doma! |
| Aleks: Konechno. Poetomu ya i vybral yeyo . Kstati, my s druz'yami seychas idyom v yaponskiy restoran. Prisoyedinyaysya, otmetim vmeste! |
| Lera: Uzhe begu! |
| Алекс:Лера, я наконец-то сдал экзамен на права! |
| Yuriy: Lera, I finally passed the exam for a driver's license! |
| Лера:О, поздравляю! Я знаю, что это сложный экзамен и многие его сразу не сдают. Где ты готовился к экзамену? |
| Yuriy: Oh, congratulations! I know it's a difficult exam, and not so many people pass it. Where did you prepare for the exam? |
| Алекс:В центральной автошколе. |
| Yuriy: At the central driving school. |
| Лера:Так это же в двух шагах от твоего дома! |
| Yuriy: It's just a stone's throw away from your home! |
| Алекс:Конечно. Поэтому я и выбрал её . Кстати, мы с друзьями сейчас идём в японский ресторан. Присоединяйся, отметим вместе! |
| Yuriy: Of course. That's why I chose it. By the way, my friends and I are going now to a Japanese restaurant. Join us! Let's celebrate together! |
| Лера:Уже бегу! |
| Yuriy: On my way! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Yuriy: Elena, I’ve heard that Moscow suffers from mile-long traffic jams! |
| Elena: Yes, it's really a big source of stress for residents of the capital. You never know if you'll be on time or not. In the daytime, you probably won't be. And what's more, there are a lot of car accidents on the road. |
| Yuriy: Is it because of drunk drivers? |
| Elena: Well, that’s one reason. Even though the punishment for driving a vehicle while intoxicated is really very severe, we still have people who take a risk and drive after drinking alcohol. |
| Yuriy: What is the punishment? |
| Elena: Up to two years suspension of a driver’s license. |
| Yuriy: I see. That's pretty severe. Let’s hope the traffic situation improves soon! |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Elena поздравлять [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy to congratulate |
| Elena поздравлять [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena поздравлять [natural native speed] |
| Elena сдать [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy to pass, to rent |
| Elena сдать [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena сдать [natural native speed] |
| Elena (водительские) права [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy (driving) licence, rights |
| Elena (водительские) права [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena (водительские) права [natural native speed] |
| Elena готовиться [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy to prepare |
| Elena готовиться [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena готовиться [natural native speed] |
| Elena экзамен [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy exam |
| Elena экзамен [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena экзамен [natural native speed] |
| Elena в двух шагах от [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy within a stone's throw (away) |
| Elena в двух шагах от [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena в двух шагах от [natural native speed] |
| Elena присоединяться [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy to join |
| Elena присоединяться [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena присоединяться [natural native speed] |
| Elena сложный [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy complicated, difficult |
| Elena сложный [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena сложный [natural native speed] |
| Elena центральный [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy central |
| Elena центральный [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena центральный [natural native speed] |
| Elena отмечать [natural native speed] |
| Yuriy to celebrate, to mark |
| Elena отмечать [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Elena отмечать [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Yuriy: Let’s take a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase for this lesson is... |
| Elena: в двух шагах от, which can be translated as "within a stone's throw." Yuriy, let's break this phrase down. |
| Yuriy: Ok. The preposition [в] means “in,” the number двух means "two," whereas the plural noun шагах means "steps." So literally, this phrase means "in two steps from." |
| Elena: We use this phrase when we want to say that something is located so near that it doesn't take any time or energy to get there, like we really need to take only two steps to reach it. |
| Yuriy: Let’s use it in some example sentences. |
| Elena: Метро находится в двух шагах от моего дома. |
| Yuriy: "The metro is a stone's throw away from my house." What's another example? |
| Elena: Больница находится в двух шагах от школы. |
| Yuriy: "The hospital is a stone's throw away from school." I think it’s pretty clear. What’s the next word in this lesson? |
| Elena: The next key word is the verb отмечать, which can be translated as "to celebrate." This verb has several meanings. |
| Yuriy: The first meaning is simply “to celebrate.” For example... |
| Elena: Как ты будешь отмечать свой День Рождения? |
| Yuriy: "How will you celebrate your birthday?" How about another example? |
| Elena: Новый Год я отметил в кафе с друзьями |
| Yuriy: "I celebrated the New Year with my friends at a cafe." Another meaning is "to mark," as in the sense of taking some written notes about some information. For example... |
| Elena: Отметьте правильные ответы. |
| Yuriy: "Mark the correct answers." OK, another example please. |
| Elena: Я отметил этот день в своём календаре. |
| Yuriy: "I marked this day on my calendar." Okay, now onto the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Elena: In this lesson, you’ll learn about the prepositional and accusative cases of singular adjectives in Russian. |
| Yuriy: Remember that all adjectives should agree with nouns according to gender, number, and case. This means, if a noun is in the prepositional or accusative case, the adjective should also be put in these cases. The questions of the prepositional case of a singular adjective are Каком? for masculine and neuter adjectives and Какой? for feminine adjectives. They can be translated into English as “Which?” |
| Elena: The questions of the Accusative case of a singular adjective are Какой? or Какого? for masculine adjectives, Какое? for neuter adjectives, and Какую? for feminine adjectives. |
| Yuriy: These can be translated into English as “What?” Now let's take a look at the formation of adjectives in the prepositional case. Masculine and neuter adjectives follow the same rule. Adjectives with a stem ending in a hard consonant change their ending to [ом], which will be pronounced as [am]. |
| Elena: And those ending in soft consonants change to [ем]. For example...новый |
| Yuriy: "new" changes to... |
| Elena: новом |
| Yuriy: Another example please. |
| Elena: красивое |
| Yuriy: "beautiful" changes to... |
| Elena: красивом. |
| Yuriy: and one more.. |
| Elena: синий |
| Yuriy: "blue" changes to... |
| Elena: синем. Of course there are some exceptions that we've pointed out in the lesson notes. |
| Yuriy: What about feminine adjectives? |
| Elena: Feminine adjectives with a stem ending in a hard consonant change their ending to [ую]. And those ending in soft consonants change to [юю]. |
| Yuriy: For example... |
| Elena: золотая |
| Yuriy: "gold" changes to... |
| Elena: золотую |
| Yuriy: One more please. |
| Elena: синяя |
| Yuriy: "blue" changes to... |
| Elena: синюю |
| Yuriy: Ok. Now it’s time for the accusative case. The accusative case forms of masculine adjectives depend on whether the adjective is related to an animate or inanimate noun. |
| Elena: The endings of all inanimate masculine adjectives, and all neuter adjectives, are similar to the nominative case. |
| Yuriy: And the endings of all masculine adjectives related to animate nouns become [ого] or [его] following the same rules as for the prepositional case. For example... |
| Elena: новый |
| Yuriy: "new" changes to |
| Elena: нового |
| Yuriy: Feminine adjectives have the same endings as for the prepositional case. Let's see how it works in a sentence. |
| Elena: Вчера я увидел нового начальника. |
| Yuriy: "Yesterday, I saw a new chief." Another one please. |
| Elena: Родители купили новый дом. |
| Yuriy: "My parents bought a new house." And one more example... |
| Elena: Я живу в Восточной Европе. |
| Yuriy: "I live in Eastern Europe." Okay, that’s all for this lesson. |
| Elena: For more examples and information, please check the lesson notes. |
Outro |
| Yuriy: Thanks for listening everyone, and we’ll see you next time. |
| Elena: До скорого встречи! |
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