Learn which Russian prepositions to use with certain Russian words
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Oxana: Привет всем! |
| Eddie: Eddy here! Gangue Russian Season 1, Lesson 27 - “Reliving the past - the trip recap”. Today, Elena and John get together. |
| Oxana: Yes, not sure if we can define this as a date or not, maybe that remains to be seen. |
| Eddie: But anyway, we guess our little recap of John’s trip to date. |
| Oxana: But first, before the trip recap, we need the lesson 26 recap. |
| Eddie: So, last lesson we learned how to say “Everything’s ready!”. |
| Oxana: Yes, [Всё готово]. |
| Eddie: We also learned a useful phrase for asking whether a person eats meat. A very useful phrase as more and more people go into vegetarianism, lately. |
| Oxana: [Вы едите мясо?] |
| Eddie: And, on that note how to say “I’m full!" |
| Oxana: [Я наелся] |
| Eddie: Ok! Now, we return to Elena and John, the ongoing saga. |
| Oxana: Let’s listen in! |
| DIALOGUE |
| Елена: [Джон, давайте перейдём на ты?] |
| Elena: John, davayte pereydyom na ty? |
| Джон: [Давайте, конечно.] |
| John: Davayte, konechno. |
| Елена: [Ты уже скоро улетаешь. Какие у тебя впечатления о России в целом?] |
| Elena: Ty uzhe skoro uletaesh’. Kakiye u tebya vpachatleniya o Rossii v tselom? |
| Джон:[Смешанные. С одной стороны всё такое новое и необычное. С дрогой стороны, я очень устал от работы.] |
| John: Smeshannye, s odnoy storony vsyo novoe i neobychnoe. S drugoy storony, ya ochen’ ustal ot raboty. |
| Елена: [Понытно, а где ты был в Москве?] |
| Elena: Ponyatno, a gde ty byl v Moskve? |
| Джон: [Я был в Третьяковской галерее, на Красной площади, на Арбате. А ещё я заходил к другу, познакомился с его семьёй.] |
| John: Ya byl v Tret’yakovskoy galeree, na Kranoy ploshchade, na Arbate. A eshchyo ya zahodil k drugu. poznako,ilsy s ego sem’yoy. |
| Елена: [Правда? Так у тебя была возможность немного отдохнуть.] |
| Elena: Pravda? Tak u tebya byla vozmozhnost’ nemnogo otdohnut’. |
| Джон: [Да, но у меня в планах есть еще кое-что.] |
| John: Da, no u menya v planah est’ eshchyo koe-chto. |
| Eddie: One more time, slowly. |
| Oxana: Ещё раз, медленнее. |
| Елена: [Джон, давайте перейдём на ты?] |
| Elena: John, davayte pereydyom na ty? |
| Джон: [Давайте, конечно.] |
| John: Davayte, konechno. |
| Елена: [Ты уже скоро улетаешь. Какие у тебя впечатления о России в целом?] |
| Elena: Ty uzhe skoro uletaesh’. Kakiye u tebya vpachatleniya o Rossii v tselom? |
| Джон:[Смешанные. С одной стороны всё такое новое и необычное. С дрогой стороны, я очень устал от работы.] |
| John: Smeshannye, s odnoy storony vsyo novoe i neobychnoe. S drugoy storony, ya ochen’ ustal ot raboty. |
| Елена: [Понытно, а где ты был в Москве?] |
| Elena: Ponyatno, a gde ty byl v Moskve? |
| Джон: [Я был в Третьяковской галерее, на Красной площади, на Арбате. А ещё я заходил к другу, познакомился с его семьёй.] |
| John: Ya byl v Tret’yakovskoy galeree, na Kranoy ploshchade, na Arbate. A eshchyo ya zahodil k drugu. poznako,ilsy s ego sem’yoy. |
| Елена: [Правда? Так у тебя была возможность немного отдохнуть.] |
| Elena: Pravda? Tak u tebya byla vozmozhnost’ nemnogo otdohnut’. |
| Джон: [Да, но у меня в планах есть еще кое-что.] |
| John: Da, no u menya v planah est’ eshchyo koe-chto. |
| Eddie: Once again, with the translation. |
| Oxana: [Еще раз с переводом.] |
| Oxana: [Джон, давайте перейдём на ты?] |
| Eddie: John, let’s be less formal with each other. |
| Oxana: [Давайте, конечно.] |
| Eddie: Yes, sure. |
| Oxana: [Ты уже скоро улетаешь. Какие у тебя впечатления о России в целом?] |
| Eddie: You’re leaving soon, what impressions have you got of Russia or in general? |
| Oxana: [Смешанные. С одной стороны всё такое новое и необычное. С дрогой стороны, я очень устал от работы.] |
| Eddie: Mixed impressions. On the one hand, everything is so new and unusual, on the other hand I got really tired from work. |
| Oxana: [Понытно, а где ты был в Москве?] |
| Eddie: I get it. Where have you been in Moscow? |
| Oxana: [Я был в Третьяковской галерее, на Красной площади, на Арбате. А ещё я заходил к другу, познакомился с его семьёй.] |
| Eddie: I’ve been to Tret’yakov Gallery, Red Square, The Arbat, and I also dropped by a friend’s house and got to know his family. |
| Oxana: [Правда? Так у тебя была возможность немного отдохнуть.] |
| Eddie: Really? So you had a chance to have a little fun. |
| Oxana: [Да, но у меня в планах есть еще кое-что.] |
| Eddie: Yes, but I have something else in my plans. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Eddie: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. |
| Oxana: [Перейти на “ты”] |
| Eddie: To change from formal way of speaking to each other, [вы], to informal, [ты]. |
| Oxana: [Перейти на “ты”] |
| Eddie: Next. |
| Oxana: [Конечно] |
| Eddie: Of course. |
| Oxana: [Конечно] |
| Eddie: Next. |
| Oxana: [Скоро] |
| Eddie: Soon. |
| Oxana: [Скоро] |
| Eddie: Next. |
| Oxana: [Впечатление] |
| Eddie: Impression. |
| Oxana: [Впечатление] |
| Eddie: Next. |
| Oxana: [Смешанный] |
| Eddie: Mixed. |
| Oxana: [Смешанный] |
| Eddie: Next. |
| Oxana: [С одной стороны/с другой стороны] |
| Eddie: On the one hand, on the other hand. |
| Oxana: [С одной стороны/с другой стороны] |
| Eddie: Next. |
| Oxana: [Новый] |
| Eddie: New. |
| Oxana: [Новый] |
| Eddie: Next. |
| Oxana: [Необычный] |
| Eddie: Unusual. |
| Oxana: [Необычный] |
| Eddie: Next. |
| Oxana: [Устать] |
| Eddie: To get tired. |
| Oxana: [Устать] |
| Eddie: Next. |
| Oxana: [Работа] |
| Eddie: Work, job. |
| Oxana: [Работа] |
| Eddie: Next. |
| Oxana: [Заходить] |
| Eddie: To drop by, to stop by, to come by. |
| Oxana: [Заходить] |
| Eddie: Next. |
| Oxana: [Возможность] |
| N: Chance, opportunity, possibility. |
| Oxana: [Возможность] |
| Eddie: Next. |
| Oxana: [Немного] |
| Eddie: A little, not much. |
| Oxana: [Немного] |
| Eddie: Next. |
| Oxana: [Отдохнуть] |
| Eddie: To take a rest, to have fun. |
| Oxana: [Отдохнуть] |
| Eddie: Next. |
| Oxana: [Кое-что] |
| Eddie: Something. |
| Oxana: [Кое-что] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Eddie: So, John and Elena have known each other for a while. Before that, according to the etiquette they were addressing each other using the polite form of “you” which is [вы]. Now it’s time to: |
| Oxana: [Перейти на ты.] |
| Eddie: Literally, switch to [ты], the informal “you”. Oxana, when is it considered acceptable to switch from the formal [вы] to the informal [ты]? Is there a specific time you must know the person for or is it more about how well you know them? |
| Oxana: There are no clear transition rules, it all depends on the speaker’s level of comfort and intimacy with you. It’s possible to know someone for many years, and still be on the formal [вы] terms. There is also a generational and situational gap. People from the older generations will probably keep to formal terms longer than the younger. And there might be a switch between the two, depending on the situation. |
| Eddie: So, it’s very relative! I just know as a foreigner, I should wait for the native speaker to use [ты] first, right? |
| Oxana: Not necessarily, but a native speaker would probably feel the situation in the language appropriate for it a bit better. Usually people simply propose a person to use [ты]. [Перейти на ты] |
| Eddie: The tricky thing is you’ll have to start using all the verbs in the informal form. Let’s practice that a little bit in our lesson. |
| Oxana: Sure! But first, a couple of adverbs. The first one is [конечно] which simply means “of course”. |
| Eddie: With this [конечно], John expresses his willingness to be less formal and more close to Elena. The next word is? |
| Oxana: [Скоро]. It was in the sentence [Ты скоро улетаешь]. |
| Eddie: Literally, “You are soon flying away.”. There is no universal word for “leave” in Russian. Just like there’s no one word for “to go”. So, you should always consider the way a person is leaving: on foot or by transport. If by transport, then what kind of transport? Road, sea or air. |
| Oxana: Yes, but it comes to you naturally as a habit after a while. |
| Eddie: So, Elena wants to sum up John’s trip by a question. “What are your impressions about Russia in general?” |
| Oxana: Where the word for “impression” is [впечатление] and “impressions” in plural would be [впечатления]. We’ll get back to this word later. |
| Eddie: So, what kind of impressions has John got? |
| Oxana: [Смешанные] |
| Eddie: “Mixed”. He’s got mixed impressions. This adjective came from the verb [смешать], which means “to mix up”. And why is John so confused? |
| Oxana: He’s not confused, he just had a lot going on in Moscow, which wasn’t always fun. So, he says, on the one hand, [всё было новое и необычный]. |
| Eddie: “Everything was new and unusual.” |
| Oxana: Where [новый] stands for “new” and [необычный] means unusual. It is easy to guess the word for usual - “ordinary”. Just drop the negation particle [не], from the word [необычный], and you’ll get [обычный]. |
| Eddie: And, on the other hand, he had to work hard to get into the Russian business as well as get out of it safely. |
| Oxana: Yes, so on the other hand, [я очень устал от работы], where the word for “to get tired” is [устать] and [работа] means “work”. |
| Eddie: Ok! Let’s focus on the fun part of his trip! So, where did he have a chance to go, besides all those places of Russian glory we’ve learned before? |
| Oxana: Он заходил к другу. |
| Eddie: He dropped by on a friend. The word for “to drop by” is: |
| Oxana: [Заходить] |
| Eddie: It can be used both when talking about people and places. The only difference is in the preposition he placed after this word. |
| Oxana: If you’re talking about a person you visited, you should say [заходил к] like in [Я заходил к друду] - “I dropped by in a friend.” |
| Eddie: And if it’s a place you stop by, you should use the preposition [в] after [заходить]. |
| Oxana: [Я заходил в магазин] |
| Eddie: “I dropped by a store.” So, again, [к] for people and [в] for places. They both indicate direction in this case and can be translated as “to”. |
| Oxana: Right! So, John didn’t have [возможность отдохнуть]. |
| Eddie: The opportunity to take a rest. Of course he did! I’d stay he rested more than he worked. I still don’t understand his mixed impressions. |
| Oxana: Well, everyone has different understanding of working hard. So, [возможность] literally means “opportunity”, “chance”. It can also mean “the possibility”. [отдохнуть] means “to take a rest”, “to relax”. But it also has a meaning of “to have fun” in Russian. |
| Eddie: So, can you say [Я хорошо отдохнул в клубе]? |
| Oxana: Sure! I mean, literally, it would be translated as “I had a good rest in a club.”, but in Russian it also means that you had a good time there, you had fun in a club. You can also say [Я хорошо отдохнул дома] which would mean “I took a good rest at home.” in the meaning of relaxed. |
| Eddie: So, basically, anything that recovers and rejuvenates you, both physically or mentally, can be related to the word [отдохнуть]. |
| Oxana: Yes, so John [немного отдохнул], took a little rest, had a little fun. |
| EDDIE: But he has something else in his plans. This something word would sound as: |
| Oxana: [Кое-что. У меня в планах есть кое-что ] |
| Eddie: “I have something in my plans.” or “I’ve planned something you don’t know about.” What a mystery! |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Eddie: In today’s grammar we’ll focus on the vocabulary. |
| Oxana: Better say the usage of some of the vocabulary. |
| Eddie: Right. There are some words and expressions in every language that are better memorized together with the prepositions they are most frequently used with. In that case, you’ll get a better understanding of the usage of the words and the grammar they require in the sentences. Here are some of those words. |
| Oxana: The first one is [впечатление], “impression”. |
| Eddie: Most often this word is used with two prepositions, [о] “about” and [на] “on”. With the preposition [о] we often use the word in the plural form, [впечатления] “impressions”. These are some set expressions with this word. |
| Oxana: [Оставить впечатления о.] |
| Eddie: To leave impressions about. |
| Oxana: [Произвести впечатление на.] |
| Eddie: “To make an impression on.” And a couple of sample sentences, please, Axanna. |
| Oxana: [У меня остались хорошие впечатлеиния о нём.] |
| Eddie: He left good impressions on me. |
| Oxana: Он произвёл хорошее впечатление на меня. |
| Eddie: “He made a good impression on me.” The next word we should remember with the preposition is the word for “to get tired”. |
| Oxana: [Устать.] |
| Eddie: Of course you can just say [я устал] without specifying what exactly you’re tired of, but if you want to make that specification you should use the pronoun [от], “from” or “of” with the word [устать]. |
| Oxana: [Устать от] |
| Eddie: Here are some examples. |
| Oxana: [Я устала от тебя.] |
| Eddie: I'm tired of you. |
| Oxana: [Я устал от этой работы.] |
| Eddie: I'm tired of this job. The last word we’d like to turn your attention to is the one we’ve learned just a while ago, “to drop by”. |
| Oxana: [Зайти] We just want to make sure you really understood its usage and the difference between the two prepositions it can be used with. |
| Eddie: Ok. So you can use this word when talking both about people and places. The only difference is, when you use it with people, you should use the preposition [к]. [К] indicates direction and can be translated in English as “to”, “towards”. When you use it with places, you should use the preposition [в], which can also mean “to”. Oxanna, give us two corresponding examples, please. |
| Oxana: [Я заходил к нему утром.] |
| Eddie: I came by him in the morning. |
| Oxana: [Я заходила в магазин сегодня.] |
| Eddie: “I dropped by the store today.” Great. And the last focus point of today’s grammar is a structure which doesn’t require any conjugations or case changes, just remember the structure. |
| Oxana: [С одной стороны/ с другой стороны.] |
| Eddie: Literally “from one side, from the other side” and can be translated as “on one hand, on the other hand”. Just like in English, it’s used to give two opposite facts or opinions that should be weighed and considered in the conversation. Here’s an example. |
| Oxana: [С одной стороны я хочу поехать в Италию, с другой стороны мне нужно копить деньги.] |
| Eddie: “One the one hand I want to go to Italy, but on the other hand I have to save up money.” And just like in English, you can drop the first part of this structure and just leave “on the one hand”. |
| Oxana: [Я хочу поехать в Италию, но с другой стороны мне нужно копить деньги. ] |
Outro |
| Eddie: That just about does it for today! Oxana, I’d like to share a study tip a listener shared with us. |
| Oxana: You’re talking about the student who uses just the conversation tracks to review the lessons! |
| Eddie: Oxana, you read my mind! Yes, a listener of ours listens to each lesson several times. |
| Oxana: Then afterwards gets the conversation only track from our site. |
| Eddie:She then listens to them on shuffle, again and again, she created her own immersion program using Russianpod101.com. |
| Oxana:This is a great idea! Please give it a try and let us know what you think. |
| Eddie: Ok! [До свидания.] |
| Oxana: [До новых встреч. Пока!] |
| Eddie:[Пока!] |
| DIALOGUE |
| Елена: [Джон, давайте перейдём на ты?] |
| Elena: John, davayte pereydyom na ty? |
| Джон: [Давайте, конечно.] |
| John: Davayte, konechno. |
| Елена: [Ты уже скоро улетаешь. Какие у тебя впечатления о России в целом?] |
| Elena: Ty uzhe skoro uletaesh’. Kakiye u tebya vpachatleniya o Rossii v tselom? |
| Джон:[Смешанные. С одной стороны всё такое новое и необычное. С дрогой стороны, я очень устал от работы.] |
| John: Smeshannye, s odnoy storony vsyo novoe i neobychnoe. S drugoy storony, ya ochen’ ustal ot raboty. |
| Елена: [Понытно, а где ты был в Москве?] |
| Elena: Ponyatno, a gde ty byl v Moskve? |
| Джон: [Я был в Третьяковской галерее, на Красной площади, на Арбате. А ещё я заходил к другу, познакомился с его семьёй.] |
| John: Ya byl v Tret’yakovskoy galeree, na Kranoy ploshchade, na Arbate. A eshchyo ya zahodil k drugu. poznako,ilsy s ego sem’yoy. |
| Елена: [Правда? Так у тебя была возможность немного отдохнуть.] |
| Elena: Pravda? Tak u tebya byla vozmozhnost’ nemnogo otdohnut’. |
| Джон: [Да, но у меня в планах есть еще кое-что.] |
| John: Da, no u menya v planah est’ eshchyo koe-chto. |
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