Learn how to form the genitive case of masculine, feminine, and plural Russian adjectives
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Eddie: Eddie here. Beginner Series Season 2, Lesson 18 – Have you booked? Hello and welcome to Beginner Series Season 2 at RussianPod101.com, where we study modern Russian in a fun, educational format. |
| Oksana: So brush up on the Russian that you started learning long ago or start learning today. |
| Eddie: We keep following Kevin and his adventures in Russia and today we’ll watch him struggling with finding a place to eat. |
| Oksana: Poor guy. We have to reward him with something at the end of his trip. |
| Eddie: Imagine how good his Russian will be after going through so many troubles in Moscow. |
| Oksana: If I were him, I’d hate Russian after that. |
| Eddie: He’ll be fine, even grateful in the end. Ok, let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Eddie: [Здравствуйте, я хотел бы поужинать.] |
| Oksana: [Вы забронировали?] |
| Eddie: [Нет.] |
| Oksana: [К сожалению, сейчас свободных столиков нет. Приходите через час.] |
| Eddie: Once again, more slowly. |
| Oksana: Еще раз, медленнее. |
| Eddie: [Здравствуйте, я хотел бы поужинать.] |
| Oksana: [Вы забронировали?] |
| Eddie: [Нет.] |
| Oksana: [К сожалению, сейчас свободных столиков нет. Приходите через час.] |
| Eddie: And once again, with the translation. |
| Oksana: Еще раз, с переводом. Здравствуйте, я хотел бы поужинать. |
| Eddie: Hello. I’d like to have dinner. |
| Oksana: Вы забронировали? |
| Eddie: Have you booked? |
| Oksana: Нет |
| Eddie: No. |
| Oksana: К сожалению, сейчас свободных столиков нет. Приходите через час. |
| Eddie: I'm afraid there are no free tables at the moment. Can you come back in an hour? |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Oksana: It’s not even funny anymore. This guy is cursed. |
| Eddie: It’s ok. Moscow is a big city, he’ll find something. Stop worrying about him and help us with the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Oksana: [Я хотел бы] |
| Eddie: I’d like. |
| Oksana: [Я хотел бы] |
| Eddie: Next. |
| Oksana: [Поужинать] |
| Eddie: To have dinner/supper. |
| Oksana: [Поужинать] |
| Eddie: Next one. |
| Oksana: [Забронировать] |
| Eddie: To book. |
| Oksana: [Забронировать] |
| Eddie: Next. |
| Oksana: [К сожалению] |
| Eddie: Unfortunately, I'm afraid. |
| Oksana: [К сожалению] |
| Eddie: Next. |
| Oksana: [Свободный] |
| Eddie: Free, available. |
| Oksana: [Свободный] |
| Eddie: Next. |
| Oksana: [Столик] |
| Eddie: A restaurant table, a small table. |
| Oksana: [Столик] |
| Eddie: Next. |
| Oksana: [Приходить] |
| Eddie: To come. |
| Oksana: [Приходить] |
| Eddie: Next. |
| Oksana: [Через] |
| Eddie: In (talking about time), through. |
| Oksana: [Через] |
| Eddie: Next. |
| Oksana: [Час] |
| Eddie: An hour, a clock. |
| Oksana: [Час] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Eddie: So today we’ll learn a bit of restaurant lingo plus gain some experience in talking to waiters. |
| Oksana: Yeah, actually it seems like Eric came into a very cool, popular restaurant, because people don’t usually book tables unless it’s really famous and always busy place. There are thousands of restaurants in Moscow that are empty 24/7. |
| Eddie: Well, it’s dinner time. Besides, if we assume it was Friday or Saturday night… |
| Oksana: True. |
| Eddie: Ok, let’s take a deeper look into some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first one we had was… |
| Oksana: [Я хотел бы.] |
| Eddie: Which means “I would like to”. This expression requires a verb after it. |
| Oksana: Right. For example, [Я хотел бы поужинать.] means “I’d like to have dinner”. |
| Eddie: Let’s make this vocab set complete and say the phrases for “to have breakfast” and “to have lunch”. |
| Oksana: [Позавтракать] would be “to have breakfast” and [пообедать] is “to have lunch”. |
| Eddie: Next we had a question from the waitress which literally sounded like “Did you book” or “Have you booked”. |
| Oksana: [Вы забронировали?]. The word [забронировать], “to book”, can be used in reference to tickets, hotel rooms, restaurant tables. Well, everything that can be possibly booked. |
| Eddie: There is a word for “reserved” in Russian though, right? |
| Oksana: [Зарезервировать]. But there is nothing Russian in it except for an accent? But yes, these words are interchangeable. |
| Eddie: Then the waitress expresses regret and asks Kevin to come back in an hour. Of course, no one expects you to wait for food for an hour, especially when you don’t even promise a table for later, but this is what restaurant people usually say instead of just “Go away”. |
| Oksana: Yeah, so politely she says [к сожалению], which is “unfortunately” [сейчас] “now” [свободных столиков] “free tables” [нет] “no”. |
| Eddie: Why did you say [столик] instead of just [стол]? [Стол] is the word for “table”, right? |
| Oksana: Right, but you would use it in any case but a restaurant. [Столик] means “little table”, but even though they are not usually small in the restaurants, we prefer to add this note of affection to the word. The suffix [ик] in the end. The word [стол] gives you the atmosphere of a cheap canteen rather than a cozy place to relax and have a nice meal in. |
| Eddie: I see. A useful nuance. And the last phrase of the waitress… |
| Oksana: [Приходите через час] |
| Eddie: Come in an hour. |
| Oksana: [Приходите] comes from the word [приходить, to come] and is used in a polite command form. [Через час] literally means “in an hour”. |
| Eddie: The word [через] itself has two meanings. One of them is “across”. For example, [Идти через лес], “To go across the forest”. The other meaning of this word is used in time expressions. |
| Oksana: [Через час] |
| Eddie: In an hour. |
| Oksana: [Через день] |
| Eddie: In a day. |
| Oksana: [Через год] |
| Eddie: “In a year”. In our case, it was “in an hour”, where [час] is the word for “hour”. |
| Oksana: Now let’s take a look at the grammar of today’s lesson. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Oksana: We’ll focus on adjectives today. And, of course, there will be some case study involved, as usual. |
| Eddie: Yeah, as you remember. Like nouns and pronouns, adjectives in Russian change depending on the noun they refer to. For example, if the noun is in the accusative case, the adjective will also be in the accusative case. However, adjectives don’t have the same endings as nouns. Today, we’re going to learn how to decline adjectives in the genitive case. Remember the genitive case? You use it when saying that you don’t have something. |
| Oksana: The example from today’s dialogue was [Свободных столиков нет.] “There are no free tables”. |
| Eddie: And because the noun and the adjective in our sentence are in plural forms, we’ll start with the declension rules for the plurals. |
| Oksana: The endings for plural adjectives in the genitive case are [их] or [ых]. For example, [У моих друзей нет маленьких детей.] “My friends don’t have any little children”. |
| Eddie: Here we heard a pronoun, [моих], and an adjective, [маленьких], in the genitive case. What if we don’t have something masculine, Oksana? |
| Oksana: Well, that’s just sad, but from the grammar point of view, you already know that the endings for masculine nouns in the genitive case are [а] or [я]. For example, [У учителя нет кота.] “The teacher doesn’t have a cat”. |
| Eddie: Let’s add some adjectives to the sentence. For example, let’s say “My teacher doesn’t have a big cat”. In Russian, it’ll be… |
| Oksana: [У моего учителя нет большого кота.] |
| Eddie: As you can see, the endings for masculine adjectives in the genitive case are [его] or [ого]. What about feminine nouns and adjectives? |
| Oksana: The endings for feminine nouns in the genitive case are [и] or [ы]. For example, [Она из деревни]. |
| Eddie: “She’s from village.” Let’s add an adjective, “She’s from a small village”. |
| Oksana: [Она из маленькой деревни.] |
| Eddie: The endings for feminine adjectives in the genitive case are [ой] or [ей]. |
Outro |
| Oksana: Now just take a look at the PDF file to get you knowledge systematized and get a clear picture in your head of how to form and use the genitive case. |
| Eddie: That just about does it for today. Ok, some of our listeners already know about the most powerful tool on RussianPod101.com. |
| Oksana: Line by line audio. |
| Eddie: The perfect tool for rapidly improving listening comprehension. |
| Oksana: By listening to lines of the conversation again and again. |
| Eddie: Listen until every word and syllable becomes clear. Basically, we break down the dialogue into comprehensible, bite-sized sentences. |
| Oksana: You can try the line by line audio in the Premium Learning Center at RussianPod101.com. |
| Eddie: So thanks for being with us today. See you soon. |
| Oksana: [Пока!] |
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