Learn not only about the future tense of Russian verbs but also about some future safety tips while you are in Russia
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Natalia: Здравствуйте, с Вами Natalia. |
| Yura: And I'm Yura and you're listening to Absolute Beginner Season 1, Lesson 15, “It's time to Learn More Russian.” |
| Natalia: Yura, what are we going to study in this lesson? |
| Yura: In this lesson, you will learn about future tense in Russian. |
| Natalia: The conversation takes place on a street. |
| Yura: The conversation is still with Ben and Nika. |
| Natalia: The speakers are close friends therefore they will be speaking in formal Russian. |
| Yura: Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUES |
| Natalia: Уже поздно, мне пора домой. |
| Yura: Я тебя провожу. Ночью в Москве опасно. |
| Natalia: Да, но я живу далеко... |
| Yura: Ничего. Мы возьмём такси. |
| Natalia: Но это будет очень дорого! |
| Yura: Это не проблема. Пойдём! |
| Yura: One time slowly. |
| Natalia: Уже поздно, мне пора домой. |
| Yura: Я тебя провожу. Ночью в Москве опасно. |
| Natalia: Да, но я живу далеко... |
| Yura: Ничего. Мы возьмём такси. |
| Natalia: Но это будет очень дорого! |
| Yura: Это не проблема. Пойдём! |
| Yura: One time natural native speed with the translation. |
| Natalia: Уже поздно, мне пора домой. |
| Yura: It's late. It's time for me to go home. |
| Natalia: Я тебя провожу. Ночью в Москве опасно. |
| Yura: I'll walk you. It's dangerous in Moscow at night. |
| Natalia: Да, но я живу далеко... |
| Yura: Yeah. But I live far. |
| Natalia: Ничего. Мы возьмём такси. |
| Yura: It's okay. We'll take a taxi. |
| Natalia: Но это будет очень дорого! |
| Yura: But it'll be very expensive. |
| Natalia: Это не проблема. Пойдём! |
| Yura: It's not a problem. Let's go. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Yura:Oh, I guess they called it a night. Nika has to go back home. |
| Natalia: Well, she has known Ben for a few days and is not sure how safe she is with him. |
| Besides Moscow is not the safest place in the world especially at night. |
| Yura: But fortunately Ben will see Nika off right until her house. |
| Natalia: Yes. Good idea. Because even taxi drivers might turn out to be, okay. I'll stop scaring you. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Yura: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word we have is. |
| Natalia: поздно |
| Yura: Late. |
| Natalia: поздно |
| Yura: And the next word is? |
| Natalia: пора |
| Yura: It's time to. |
| Natalia: пора |
| Yura: And the next word? |
| Natalia: дом |
| Yura: House, home. |
| Natalia: дом |
| Yura: And the next word? |
| Natalia: проводить |
| Yura: See off. |
| Natalia: проводить |
| Yura: And the next word? |
| Natalia: ночью |
| Yura: At night. |
| Natalia: ночью |
| Yura: And the next one is? |
| Natalia: опасно |
| Yura: Dangerous. |
| Natalia: опасно |
| Yura: And the next word? |
| Natalia: далеко |
| Yura: Far. |
| Natalia: далеко |
| Yura: And the next word? |
| Natalia: ничего |
| Yura: Nothing, it's nothing, don't worry about it. |
| Natalia: ничего |
| Yura: And the next word? |
| Natalia: взять такси |
| Yura: To take a taxi. |
| Natalia: взять такси |
| Yura: And the next word? |
| Natalia: быть |
| Yura: To be. |
| Natalia: быть |
| Yura: And the next word? |
| Natalia: дорого |
| Yura: Expensive. |
| Natalia: дорого |
| Yura: And the next word? |
| Natalia: проблема |
| Yura: Problem. |
| Natalia: проблема |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Yura: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the phrases from this lesson. |
| Natalia: And the first word we'll look at is Пора. |
| Yura: It's time to. |
| Natalia: Actually, it's just another word for time or period of time. We use it to say "пора года" for example which means time of the year, season. |
| Yura: Right. But in our case it's not a noun. It's a pronoun. |
| Natalia: Right. Usually this word is followed by a verb in the infinitive form. For example пора спать. |
| Yura: It's time to sleep. |
| Natalia: пора уходить |
| Yura: It's time to leave. |
| Natalia: пора идти |
| Yura: it's time to go. When "пора" is used with the verb to go and the destination is mentioned, the verb to go itself can be omitted, am I right? |
| Natalia: Absolutely. If you want to say that it's time to go to work, you can say "пора идти на работу". But you can also drop "идти" to go and say "пора на работу". |
| Yura: And how do we say it's time to go home again? |
| Natalia: пора домой. "Домой" comes from the word "дом", which is home, house. "домой" itself implies direction. |
| That's why we don't need any preposition with it like to home or something simply "домой".. |
| Yura: That's great. Next, let's take a look at all the adverbs from the dialogue. All the words that end in "o" what are they? |
| Natalia: поздно, late опасно, dangerous, далеко far away and дорого expensive. |
| Yura: I like Russian adverbs. I mean it's way easier to form sentences with them than even in English. For example, to say it's cold, in English we need it plus is and only then cold. What is this it exactly? And is cannot be even translated. When in Russian, everything is way simpler. The phrase it's cold can be expressed in one word "холодно". To say I am cold, you only need to add a pronoun "мне холодно". |
| Natalia: I never thought of it this way. But it does sound very easy. To say it's late already, all you need is the word already which is "уже", and "поздно", "late". "Уже поздно". |
| Yura: To say it's dangerous in Moscow, all you need to say is in Moscow dangerous – "в Москве опасно". So basically a place and an adverb that describes it. |
| Natalia: Right. It's very easy to use adverbs in the future and past tenses as well. To say it will be cold for example, all you need is to be in the future tense third person which is "будет", plus "холодно". Будет холодно. And for the past tense, you use the verb to be in the past tense in third person plus the same adverb было холодно. It was cold. |
| Yura: That's clear to m. Although in the dialogue we had the sentence "это будет дорого". It will be expensive. So we need the word it anyways. |
| Natalia: Oh, in that case we use it because we were talking about a specific subject. So instead of saying paying for the taxi will be expensive, we said it will be expensive. |
| Yura: Oh, I see. I guess we are done with the adverbs. Oh, but we have another word that ends in "o" – "ничего", which means nothing. Isn't it an adverb? |
| Natalia: it can be of course but we didn't mention it's in the same group with all the other adverbs because in the dialogue, it's just an answer which is of no grammatical importance to us. It's a one-word answer which means it's okay. It's nothing. Don't worry about it. |
| Yura: Got it. You know, all the other words that are worth mentioning are verbs and we can't really go over them without mentioning some grammar. So why don’t we talk about them in our grammar part? |
| Natalia: Sound good to me. |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Yura: The remaining words we have to learn in this lesson are verbs. Moreover, they are using the future tense. I guess it means that we are learning about the future tense in this lesson, aren’t we? |
| Natalia: I guess so. The verbs used in this dialogue were "провожать" to see off, "взять" to take which was used in the phrase "взять такси" to take a taxi and "быть", a crucial verb in all languages the verb for to be. |
| Yura: All these verbs were used in the future tense. Let us give you a short introduction to how the future tense is formed in Russian. |
| Natalia: Well, first of all, we should mention that just like in the present tense, the future verb must be conjugated according to our person. It's only in the past tense where we conjugate them according to gender and number. The present and future tenses require six conjugations for each verb. |
| Yura: Yeah. That's something that we'll have to sweat over but only until you get the pattern of the conjugations. After that everything will become very logical and easy. |
| So how do we form the future tense in Russian? |
| Natalia: There are two ways the future tense can be formed in Russian, simple and compound. Although I should tell you right away that compound way is a lot easier than the simple one. |
| Yura: How come? |
| Natalia: Well, the first method is only called simple because it is formed by modifying the verb with the help of prefixes, suffixes and conjugations. After all that, you will still have one word but all those prefixes and suffixes can be tricky while the compound way of forming the future tense requires only one conjugated verb to be in the future tense and the verb that you need in its infinity form. |
| Yura: I see. So the compound way requires two words, to be in the future tense plus the infinitive. It's good you don't have to modify the verb but only remember the conjugations for to be. |
| Natalia: Right. But these two ways for the future tense are not always interchangeable. |
| Yura: The difference between the two future forms lies in the purpose of the statement. The simple future tense stresses the result of the action. And the compound form usually implies the ongoing future actions. You will understand it better when you learn the concept of perfective and imperfective verbs. For now, it is easier for you to learn the conjugation of the verb to be in the future tense and just add infinitives. |
| Natalia: Right. But let's finally try to form the future not just talk about it. So the simple form. Different verbs require different prefixes and suffixes to become the future verbs. |
| Let's take the verb to know "знать". |
| Yura: This is what you need to put in to the future tense. First, conjugate it according to the person in the present tense. |
| Natalia: Я знаю I know. ты знаешь You know and so on. |
| Yura: Then add prefix "у-" to the conjugated form of the verb. |
| Natalia: я узнаю I will know. ты узнаешь You will know. |
| Yura: And this indicates that the action was completed. Not I will be knowing as we would get if we put it in to the compound form. |
| Natalia: Right. The same we can do with the verb to do. We take the infinitive делать, conjugate it according to a person in the present tense я делаю, ты делаешь and add the prefix to get the future tense я сделаю, ты сделаешь. |
| Yura: Again, we just talked about a completed action. I will do or I will have done but not I will be doing. As you can hear, the prefixes can be totally different. Most of the time they only need memorization. Some words like the two in our dialogue don’t follow any rules except for the rule of conjugation. |
| Natalia: проводить to see off takes these forms. "я провожу" I will see off. "ты проводишь" You will see off. "он проводит" He will see off and so on. |
| Yura: The word "взять", to take is also a little off the rules. Here is how it changes in the future. |
| Natalia: я возьму I will take. ты возьмёшь You will take. он возьмёт He will take. |
| Yura: Right. Now the compound form. Nothing can be easier than forming the compound form because the compound form is build with the help of the word "быть" to be in the future tense conjugated according to the person. |
| Natalia: So basically all you have to d is memorize the conjugations of the word to be in the future tense. I'll give you the example of the word to do делать in the future tense where the word "делать" itself doesn't change. Я буду делать – ya budu delat' I will do. I will be doing. Ты будешь делать - You will do. You will be doing. |
| Он/она будет делать –He, she will do. He she will be doing. Мы будем делать –We will do. We will be doing. Вы будете делать –You will do. You will be doing. Они будут делать –They will do. They will be doing. |
| Yura: As you can see, only the word to be changed and unlike the English will has six different forms. |
| Natalia: And just a quick reminder, the verb to be in the future tense conjugated according to the third person. – будет –is also widely used with the adverbs to express future conditions. |
| завтра будет холодно – zavtra budet holodno |
| Yura: It will be cold tomorrow. |
| Natalia: там будет весело – tam budet veselo |
| Yura: It will be fun there. That's it about the future. And that just about does it for this lesson. |
| Natalia: Attention, iPhone, iPod or iPad users. |
| Yura: Listen, tap and swipe your way to fluency with our Russian language apps. |
| Natalia: Grow your vocabulary and practice on the go with our Russian Language applications. |
| Yura: Fun and easy to use. Russian apps are available on iTunes. |
| Natalia: Visit our iPhone page on russianpod101.com/iPhone now to learn more. |
Outro |
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| Yura:Bye. |
| Natalia:Bye. |
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