Learn a Russian pronoun and how to distinguish adjectives from adverbs
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Natalia: Здравствуйте, с Вами Natalia. |
| Yura: I'm Yura and you're listening to Absolute Beginner Season 1 Lesson 12, “Tell me what you think in Russian.” |
| Natalia: Yura, what are we going to study in this lesson? |
| Yura: In this lesson, you'll learn about adjectives and adverbs. |
| Natalia: And the conversation takes place in the park. |
| Yura: The conversation is between Ben and Nika. |
| Natalia: The speakers are close friends. So they will be speaking in formal Russian. |
| Yura: Let's take a trip to one of Moscow's parks together with Ben and Nika and eavesdrop a little in their conversation. |
| DIALOGUES |
| Yura: Этот парк очень красивый! |
| Natalia: Это мой любимый парк. Здесь всегда тихо и спокойно. |
| Yura: Да. Тебе не холодно? |
| Natalia: Нет, мне жарко! И я немного устала. Ты не устал? |
| Yura: Нет, я в порядке, но мы можем пойти в кино и отдохнуть там. |
| Natalia: Да, было бы неплохо. |
| Yura: One time slowly. |
| Natalia: Этот парк очень красивый! |
| Yura: Это мой любимый парк. Здесь всегда тихо и спокойно. |
| Natalia: Да. Тебе не холодно? |
| Yura: Нет, мне жарко! И я немного устала. Ты не устал? |
| Natalia: Нет, я в порядке, но мы можем пойти в кино и отдохнуть там. |
| Yura: Да, было бы неплохо. |
| Natalia: [*] |
| Yura: One time natural native speed with the translation. |
| Natalia: Этот парк очень красивый! |
| Yura: This park is very beautiful. |
| Natalia: Это мой любимый парк. Здесь всегда тихо и спокойно. |
| Yura: Yes. It's my favorite park. It's always quiet and peaceful here. |
| Natalia: Да. Тебе не холодно? |
| Yura: Yes, Are you cold? |
| Natalia: Нет, мне жарко! И я немного устала. Ты не устал? |
| Yura: No, I'm hot and I'm a bit tired. Aren't you tired? |
| Natalia: Нет, я в порядке, но мы можем пойти в кино и отдохнуть там. |
| Yura: No, I'm okay. But we can go to a movie and rest there. |
| Natalia: Да, было бы неплохо. |
| Yura: Yeah, that would be good. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Yura: Tell me a little about Russian parks. Are they free for everyone? And are there any particular parks you would recommend? |
| Natalia: Oh, Russian parks and gardens can be a separate topic of discussion. There are more than 100 parks only within Moscow City itself and a lot of beautiful famous parks and gardens in the suburbs. Almost all of them are free. As for the most popular ones, I guess it depends on your taste whether you like historic parks or wildlife and nature parks but I can definitely recommend Alexandra's (Quissat) to you as well as botanical gardens and Gorky Park. |
| Yura: I see. Well, we don’t know what park Ben and Nika chose but if it's calm and quiet, then it must be something small and unknown. |
| Natalia: Not necessarily. Even the big park can be pretty quiet during the day while everyone is still at work. Go and check it out yourself. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Yura: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| Yura: The first word we have is |
| Natalia: этот |
| Yura: This, masculine. |
| Natalia: этот |
| Yura: And the next word? |
| Natalia: красивый |
| Yura: Beautiful. |
| Natalia: красивый |
| Yura: And the next word? |
| Natalia: любимый |
| Yura: Favorite, my love. |
| Natalia: любимый |
| Yura: And the next word? |
| Natalia: здесь |
| Yura: Here. |
| Natalia: здесь |
| Yura: And the next word is? |
| Natalia: всегда |
| Yura: Always. |
| Natalia: всегда |
| Yura: And the next word is? |
| Natalia: тихо |
| Yura: Quiet, quietly. |
| Natalia: тихо |
| Yura: And the next word is? |
| Natalia: спокойно |
| Yura: Peaceful, calm, peacefully, calmly. |
| Natalia: спокойно |
| Yura: And the next one is? |
| Natalia: холодно |
| Yura: Cold. |
| Natalia: холодно |
| Yura: And the next word? |
| Natalia: жарко |
| Yura: Hot. |
| Natalia: жарко |
| Yura: And the next word? |
| Natalia: устать |
| Yura: Be tired. |
| Natalia: устать |
| Yura: And the next word? |
| Natalia: в порядке |
| Yura: Okay, fine, in order. |
| Natalia: в порядке |
| Yura: And the next word is? |
| Natalia: было бы |
| Yura: Would be. |
| Natalia: было бы |
| Yura: And the last word on our list? |
| Natalia: неплохо |
| Yura: Not bad. |
| Natalia: неплохо |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Yura: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Natalia: And the first word we'll look at is. |
| Yura: "это" and "этот", Can you tell us the difference between these two words? |
| Natalia: "это" can be translated as it is, this is or these are. For example when you're pointing at the object and say "это стол" It is a table. Or "это книги".These are books. |
| Yura: So neither gender nor numbers matter in this case, right? |
| Natalia: Right. "это" is never modified unlike "этот". |
| Yura: So when do you use "этот"? |
| Natalia: "Этот" is used just like the English this. For example "этот дом – новый" This house is new. |
| Yura: But you said "этот" should be modified according to gender and number, right? |
| Natalia: Yes. You can only use "этот" with masculine nouns like "дом", house. When you talk about a thing or a person in feminine gender, you should say "эта", For example "эта книга" This book. |
| For neuter nouns we use "это" – "это здание" This building. And for plural "эти", "эти дети", These children. |
| Yura: I see. So "это" which is this is, it is, these are never changes and the pronouns for this has to take different forms according to the noun that follows after it. |
| Natalia: Right. "этот, эта, это and эти". Okay. Let's get to the next two words. "красивый", "любимый". |
| Yura: Beautiful and favorite. With the words "красивый" you can describe both men and women as well as places and things. And the word "любимый" is worth mentioning because besides favorite, |
| it has another very sweet meaning. |
| Natalia: That's right. You can use it as an address to the person you love and it would sound like the English my love. For men, it's "любимый", and for women "любимая". |
| Yura: Yes. As you remember, the gender of the adjective must correspond to the gender of the noun the object you’re talking about. The next we have two words that Ben uses to describe the park. |
| Natalia: Тихо и спокойно. I heard dozens of "тихо!" per day when I was a child. |
| Yura: You were that chatty at home that your parents had to tell you quiet all the time? |
| Natalia: I was a little chatty but I also was very "спокойная". |
| Yura: You mean you are calm? |
| Natalia: Yes. "спокойный" means calm and peaceful. You can use it to describe a condition at the moment as well as a person's character or a place in general. |
| Yura: I see. But we didn’t have "спокойный", We had "спокойно" in the dialogue. |
| Natalia: Right. That's because in the dialogue it was an adverb and I gave an example of it as adjective. |
| Yura: Okay. We'll talk more about it in the grammar part. What are the next words? |
| Natalia: Холодно, жарко which are cold and hot. |
| Yura: Note that if you want to say that your drink or meal is hot, you shouldn't use "жарко". |
| "Жарко" is only used to describe weather or personal condition. |
| Natalia: But "холодно" can be use to describe anything cold if you turn it in to an adjective of course. Next we have "устала" and "устал". |
| Yura: These words come from the verb "устать", to get tired. But to say I am tired, we must put this verb in to the past tense according to the gender. |
| Natalia: "Я устала" for feminine. |
| Yura: And "я устал" for masculine. |
| Natalia: Next, we have a phrase "в порядке".Literally it means in order but is widely used in the meaning of okay, fine. For example, "всё в порядке". |
| Yura: Everything is okay. Can you use to ask are you okay? |
| Natalia: Sure. "ты в порядке"? |
| Yura: Я в порядке! |
| Natalia: I'm glad. Next, we have a conditional phrase "было бы". |
| Yura: Which means would be or it would be. It's also use just like in English would be. For example, было бы здорово поехать в Германию! |
| Natalia: Да, It would be great to go to Germany. But in our case it was "было бы неплохо". It would be good or it would be not bad because "неплохо" is a combination of two words, "не", which is not and "плохо", which is bad. |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Yura: Okay, Time for the grammar. What do we have for grammar in this lesson, Natalia? |
| Natalia: I suggest we talk about adjectives and adverbs in this lesson as we have both in the dialogue. |
| Yura: Okay. Can you remind us what adjectives we have in this lesson? |
| Natalia: Sure. They are "красивый", beautiful and "любимый", favorite. |
| Yura: And how do we know they are adjectives? |
| Natalia: They end in "ый", which is the ending for adjectives in masculine gender. |
| Yura: Right. So as we know, adjectives in Russian must agree in gender with nouns. Let's see what pairs of nouns and adjectives we have in a dialogue. |
| Natalia: парк красивый |
| Yura: Beautiful park. |
| Natalia: любимый парк |
| Yura: Favorite park. Both adjectives come with the masculine noun park therefore they end in "ый". We also came across some words that sound like adjectives in English cold, hot not bad but they don't have the endings that the typical Russian adjectives have. |
| Natalia: холодно |
| Yura: Cold. |
| Natalia: жарко |
| Yura: Hot. |
| Natalia: немного |
| Yura: A little. |
| Natalia: неплохо |
| Yura: Not bad, great. These words are adverbs. In English, the most obvious adverbs end in "-ly". |
| Natalia: Yes. Most Russian adverbs end in "-o", like those that we mentioned before. And the good news is almost any adjective can be turned into an adverb and vice versa. For example, холодный – холодно, or жарко – жаркий. All you do is change the ending. |
| Yura: Okay. Now we know how to form or identify adverbs. Can you give us some example where adverbs can be use in Russian? |
| Natalia: One of the functions of adverbs in Russian is to express conditions, personal or general. For example, “I am cold” or “It's cold here.” Let's just go over some examples to understand the usage better. Мне холодно |
| Yura: I am cold. |
| Natalia: Мне жарко |
| Yura: I'm hot. |
| Natalia: Тебе грустно? |
| Yura: Are you sad? |
| Natalia: Тебе весело? |
| Yura: Are you having fun? |
| Natalia: Здесь тихо |
| Yura: It's quiet here. |
| Natalia: Здесь спокойно |
| Yura: It's calm here. |
| Natalia: Сегодня холодно |
| Yura: It's cold today. |
| Natalia: Сегодня жарко |
| Yura: It's hot today. Note that when you talk about personal conditions, you put the pronouns in to the day of case. So "я" turns in to "мне". And "ты" turns in to "тебе" and so on. |
| Natalia: Right. And the pronouns in the date of case is something we will learn in the following lessons. Be patient. |
| Yura: Well, that's just about does it for this lesson. |
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Outro |
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| Yura:Bye. |
| Natalia:Bye. |
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